A. Definition of Jigsaw learning model
From the etymology Jigsaw is from English language and there is
also called puzzle, puzzle is that make up pieces of picture. Jigsaw cooperative
learning model also imitate of how to work a saw (jigsaw) that is student do learning
activities by working together with other student to achieve
common goals.
Jigsaw model
is a type of cooperative learning which is learning through the use of small team of student
work together to maximize the learning conditions for achieving learning goals
and get the maximum learning experience, both individual experience and team experience. In Jigsaw learning model, each student
being a member of 2 team, the members of the home team and the members of the
expert team. Members of the home team consisted of 3-5studenteach
member is given number 1-5.The same number in the home team
are gathered in a team called the experts team.
B.
Characteristic
In Jigsaw cooperative learning there are three characteristics: a.
small team, b. learning together, and
c. learning experience. The essence of cooperative learning
is the responsibility of the individual as well as team responsibility, thus the student is formed a positive dependency attitude that
makes optimal team work. This situation supports student in the team to learn cooperation and serious responsibility until
successful assignments in team.
This is according to the opinions that is expressed by Johnson (1991
: 27) which
states that "Jigsaw Cooperative Learning is the small team learning
activities, student learn and workup to a maximum learning
experience, both individual experience and team
experience."
C.
Class Setting
The formation of a study team in Jigsaw cooperative learning is student
were divided into two team: members of the home team and the expert team, which can be
described as follows:
a. Home cooperative team (Home team).
Student is divided into several team that
consist of 3-5members. Each member is given a number, the team should be heterogeneous, especially in
academic ability.
b. Expert
Team
The members of expert team are the student
that has same number at the origin.
Before student is teamed, they are sorted according to the
ability. For the next, they are sorted become 6 rank (according to the number
of team) based on the value of pre evaluation cycle.
a.
Formation of home team
The teaming is based on student achievement that is givenindex1-6.
This teaming is called home team which each
team will contain:
(1)
Team A {A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6}
(2)
Team B {B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6}
(3)
Team C {C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6}
(4)
Team D {D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6}
(5)
Team E {E1, E2, E3, E4, E5, E6 }
(6)
Team F {F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, F6, }
(7)
Team G {G1, G2, G3, G4, G5, G6 }
(8)
Team H {H1, H2. H3, H4, H5, H6 }
b. Formation of expert team
Furthermore, the team is divided into team that will learn the
material that will be provided and nurtured in order to become an expert.
(1)
Team 1 { A1, B1, C1, D1, E1, F1, G1, H1}
(2)
Team 2 { A2, B2. C2, D2 E2, F2, G2, H2}
(3) Team 3 {A3, B3, C3, D3, E3, F3, G3, F3 }
(4)
Team 4 {A4, B4, C4, D4, E4, F4, G4, H4 }
(5)
Team 5 {A5, B5, C5, D5, E5, F5, G5, H5 }
(6)
Team 6 {A6, B6, C6, D6, E6, F6, G6, H6 }
D.
Steps of Jigsaw Cooperative Learning
This type of cooperative learning Jigsaw different other cooperative
team, because each student cooperates alternately on the two team, with the following learning steps:
a. Student are divided into small team called
core team, it
is consisting of 4 people. Each student
is given a number such as A, B, C,
D.
b.
Divide the discourse/tasks according to the material that being
taught. Each student in the origin team gets the different
discourse/different task, the same number gets the same
task in each team.
c.
Gather each student who has a the same discourse/the same task in
a team thus the number of expert team equals the number of the discourse or task
that has been prepared by the teacher.
d. In the experts team, assign student to
learn together to become expert appropriate to the discourse/task
responsibility.
e.
Assign all members of the expert team to understand and can deliver
information about the outcome
of the discourse/task that has been understood to cooperative team (core
team). Point a and e be done within 30minutes.
f.
When the task was already done in expert team, each student back to the origin
of cooperative team.
g.
Give a chance in turn for each student to present the results of the
task in the home team. Point f and g be done within 20
minutes.
h.
When the team has completed all of its work, each team presents the
results and the teacher give clarification. (10minutes).
E. Scoring
In this phase, the teacher gives a
written test to measure the student' understanding of the material that has
been studied. This phase is not allowed to cooperate. This activity is planned for each ending
learning meeting
which is in each meeting is given problems for every Basic Competence with the
tiered difficulty level sat each meeting. The results of these assessments are
used as a reflection material for both student and teacher.
Teacher will provide both positive and negative reinforcement the home team that
gets the most average score or to those who have not been lucky because there
is still have the opportunity.
Meanwhile, the teacher
will be very useful in determining the next steps of learning thus the learning
process will be more effective from each meeting. To simply the classifying of team
learning success thus following presented
the success criteria.
Recognition of team
Based on the scores, then it is averaged to obtain
an individual score and the team score. Recognition is
given to the team by this category:
F. Jigsaw Learning Model Development
Steps of jigsaw cooperative
learning model that is developed as follows:
1. The student in the class were divided into
several team, each team consist of 4or 6members, and each member
of the team is heterogeneous. In terms of ability and other
characteristics, this team is called as the home team.
2. Teacher delivers the subject matter in
the form of different tasks to each student of the origin team, which will be done in
experts team.
3. Each student of the home team go to
form the experts team. Each student that gets the same tasks gathers to explore the
material or task optimally.
4. Each student who is in the experts team
back to the home team and teach the material or task to members of other team.
5. After student discuss the origin team or in the experts team, then
performed the presentation of each team to present the results of team
discussions that have been done so that teacher can make the perception of the
subject matter that has
been discussed.
6. Teacher gives final test to student
individually.
G. References
Depdiknas, 2005, Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan, Kurikulum
dan Silabus Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan, Jakarta : Depdiknas
Depdiknas, 2005, Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan, Strategi
dan Metode Pembelajaran Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan, Jakarta : Depdiknas
Johnson
DW & Johnson, R, T (1991) Learning Together and Alone. Allin and Bacon : Massa
Chussetts
Sardiman, A.M, 2003, Interaksi dan Motivasi Belajar
Mengajar, Jakarta : PT Raja Grafindo Persada
Wina Senjaya, 2006, Strategi Pembelajaran Berorientasi
Proses Standar Proses Pendidikan, Jakarta : Kencana Prima
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