COOPERATIVE LEARNING STAD

1.  The Definition of STAD

STAD or Student Team Achievement Division is"one of the cooperative learnings that is applied to face heterogeneous student’s ability. This model is regarded as the most simple and directly from cooperative learning approach. This method is the earliest discovered and developed by education research ersat John Hopkins University United States by provides a cooperative to learn. In this model students are given the opportunity to collaborate with peers and elaborates in the form of discussion in agroup to solve a problem.

In this learning model, each group consists of 4-5 people, it is formed from heterogeneous member that consists of men and women from various ethnic and groups, which have high ability, medium ability and also low ability then the students who have a high ability explains their ability to other member.In this type of cooperative models is emphasizes activity and interaction among students to motivate each other and help each other in learning to master the material in order to achieve maximum performance. Thus, the type STAD in cooperative learning model is one useful learning model to foster collaboration capabilities,creative,critical thinking and the ability to help a friend and it is a very simple cooperative learning.

COOPERATIVE LEARNING JIGSAW

A. Definition of Jigsaw learning model

From the etymology Jigsaw is from English language and there is also called puzzle, puzzle is that make up pieces of picture. Jigsaw cooperative learning model also imitate of how to work a saw (jigsaw) that is student do learning activities by working together with other student to achieve common goals.

Jigsaw model  is a type of cooperative learning which is  learning through the use of small team of student work together to maximize the learning conditions for achieving learning goals and get the maximum learning experience, both individual experience  and team experience. In Jigsaw learning model, each student being a member of 2 team, the members of the home team and the members of the expert team. Members of the home team consisted of 3-5studenteach member is given number 1-5.The same number in the home team are gathered in a team called the experts team.

Simple Technology: Simple Speaker From A can

    1.       Basic Competences:

4.1 Do observation or experiment about oscillation, wave and sound

    2.       Indicators:

·         Design tools and materials to create simple speaker from a Can

·         Create simple speaker from a can

     3.       Problem:

·         How make a simple speaker that can make sound louder?

·         How the influence of can’s diameter to the loudness of the sound?

·         How the influence total amount of air in the can to the loudness of sound?

      4.   Experiment Goals:

1.       By given a set apparatus of simple speaker, students are able to design the experiment about sound.

2.       Students are able to demonstrate the concept of sound using the project simple speaker.

3.       Student can determine the more effective can size to make simple speaker

Sound

Sound is associated with sense of hearing, and, therefore, with the physiology of our ears and the psychology of our brain, which interprets the sensations  that reach our ears. The term sound also refers to the physical sensation that stimulate our ears; namely, longitudinal waves.

We can distinguish three aspects of any sounds. First, there must be a source for a sound; as with any wave, the source of a sound is a vibrating object. Second, the energy is transferred from the source in the form of longitudinal sound waves. And third, the sound is detected by an ear or by a microphone.

Characteristics of Sound             

We usually think of sound waves traveling in the air, for normally it is the vibrations of the air that force our eardrums to vibrate. But sound waves can also travel in other materials. Two stones struck together under water can be heard by a swimmer beneath the surface, for the vibrations are carried to the ear by the water. When you put your ear flat against the ground you can hear an approaching train or truck. In this case the ground does not actually touch your eardrum, but the longitudinal wave transmitted by the ground is called a sound wave just the same, for its vibrations cause the outer ear and the air within it to vibrate. Clearly, sound cannot travel in the absence of matter. For example, a bell ringing inside an evacuated jar cannot be heard, and sound cannot travel through the empty reaches of outer space.

Newton's Law on Rocket Flight

Part 1: Early Rockets and Isaac Newton’s Three Laws

A rocket in its simplest form is a chamber enclosing a gas under pressure. A small opening at one end of the chamber allows the gas to escape, and in doing so provides a thrust that propels in the opposite direction. A good example of this is a balloon. Air inside a balloon is compressed by the balloon's rubber walls. The air pushes back so that the inward and outward pressing forces are balanced. When the nozzle is released, air escapes through it and the balloon is propelled in the opposite direction.

 

When we think of rockets, we rarely think of balloons. Instead, our attention is drawn to the giant vehicles that carry satellites into orbit and spacecraft to the Moon and planets. Nevertheless, there is a strong similarity between the two. The only significant difference is the way the pressurized gas is produced. With space rockets, the gas is produced by burning propellants that can be solid or liquid in form or a combination of the two.